Les biais de mémoire sont une famille de Biais cognitifs qui expliquent pourquoi ta Mémorisation n’est pas parfaite.
Quand tu décodes les infos de ta mémoire, tu reconstruis les évènements au présent, et de nombreux biais s’immiscent dans cette Représentation.
Voici une liste de ces biais :
- Limites de la mémoire à court-terme
- Rosy retrospection bias. We tend to remember the past as having been better than it really was, which leads to judging the past disproportionately more positively than we judge the present. As the Romans said: memoria praeteritorum bonorum, or “the past is always well remembered.”
- Consistency bias. We incorrectly remember our past attitudes and behaviour as resembling our present attitudes and behaviour, so we feel like acting in accordance with our general self-image.
- Mood-congruent memory bias. We better recall memories that are consistent with our current mood. For instance, feeling relaxed may bring back relaxing memories; feeling stressed may bring back stressful memories.
- Hindsight bias. We have an inclination to consider past events as being predictable—also called the knew-it-all-along bias.
- Egocentric bias. We recall the past in a self-serving manner, such as remembering our exam grades as being better than they really were, or remembering a caught fish as bigger than it was.
- Availability bias. We often think that memories that come readily to mind are more representative than is actually the case. This is why people tend to overestimate the likelihood of attacks by sharks or the number of lottery winners.
- Effet de primauté
- Effet de récence
- Choice-supportive bias. We remember chosen options as having been better than rejected options.
- Fading affect bias. Our emotions associated with unpleasant memories fades more quickly than our emotions associated with pleasant memories.
- Biais de confirmation.
- Rigidité cognitive
- Effet de production
Source : https://nesslabs.com/memory-bias